Laura BURGERS, Merle KOOIJMAN, Stavros Evdokimos PANTAZOPOULOS, Christophe PAULUSSEN
Ecocide: Criminalising Serious Harm against the Environment explores the concept of ecocide and critically assesses how the criminalisation of serious harm against the environment fits within international criminal law broadly construed. It aims to assist in fleshing out crucial parameters in the lead-up to the potential inclusion of the fifth core international crime in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC), as well as in relation to efforts to criminalise ecocide at the national level, both of which have gained unprecedented momentum in recent times.
To this end, the volume’s chapters address four key questions: what constitutes ecocide, how can it be prosecuted, where should it be prosecuted, and who are its perpetrators and victims? In addition to more practice-focused chapters, including case studies on the Netherlands and Ukraine, the book analyses and challenges fundamental conceptual issues, including the binary opposition between ‘anthropocentrism’ and ‘ecocentrism’ in the ecocide discourse. The reader is confronted with and forced to reflect on intriguing questions such as: is it fair to only prosecute representatives of large business corporations and state officials, while letting consumers of polluting products off the hook? And does the legal framework of the ICC allow for the recognition of nonhumans, such as the environment, as victims of ecocide?
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Ecocide: Criminalising Serious Harm against the Environment explores the concept of ecocide and critically assesses how the criminalisation of serious harm against the environment fits within international criminal law broadly construed. It aims to assist in fleshing out crucial parameters in the lead-up to the potential inclusion of the fifth core international crime in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC), as well as in relation to efforts to criminalise ecocide at the national level, both of which have gained unprecedented momentum in recent times.
To this end, the volume’s chapters address four key questions: what constitutes ecocide, how can it be prosecuted, where should it be prosecuted, and who are its perpetrators and victims? In addition to more practice-focused chapters, including case studies on the Netherlands and Ukraine, the book analyses and challenges fundamental conceptual issues, including the binary opposition between ‘anthropocentrism’ and ‘ecocentrism’ in the ecocide discourse. The reader is confronted with and forced to reflect on intriguing questions such as: is it fair to only prosecute representatives of large business corporations and state officials, while letting consumers of polluting products off the hook? And does the legal framework of the ICC allow for the recognition of nonhumans, such as the environment, as victims of ecocide?
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part I.
WHAT?
WHAT?
1. Laura BURGERS, Merle KOOIJMAN, Stavros Evdokimos PANTAZOPOULOS, Christophe PAULUSSEN, Ecocide: Analysing the Compatibility of the Crime of Seriously Harming the Environment with International Criminal Law
2. Clémentine DÈCLE-CLASSEN, Crime Against Who or What? A Historical and Ontological Inquiry into Ecocide Discourse
Part II.
HOW?
HOW?
3. Ana Stella EBBERSMEYER, Protecting the Environment through International Criminal Law—A Legal Analysis of Available Options
4. Judith ALKEMA, Michael FAURE, Ecocide: Toward Autonomous Environmental Crimes
5. Lisa OLDRING, Kate MACKINTOSH, The Crime of Ecocide Through Human Rights: Towards Environmental Protection and Justice
Part III.
WHERE?
WHERE?
6. Göran SLUITER, Barbara VAN STRAATEN, Ava SCHUSTER, Ecocide as an International Crime? Perspectives on Prosecution at the ICC and in the Netherlands
7. Borys BABIN, Oleksii PLOTNIKOV, Lawfare Against Ecocide: How Ukraine Prosecutes Environmental Crimes Committed During Armed Conflict
Part IV.
WHO?
WHO?
8. Harmen VAN DER WILT, Climate Change as the Ultimate Form of Ecocide: Are Producers and Consumers ‘Partners in Crime’?
9. Tomas HAMILTON, Marc TIERNAN, Who Could Be Responsible for Ecocide Under the Rome Statute?
10. Giovanna Maria FRISSO, Ecocide: The Environment as Victim at the International Criminal Court
Laura BURGERS, Merle KOOIJMAN, Stavros Evdokimos PANTAZOPOULOS, Christophe PAULUSSEN (eds.), Ecocide: Criminalising Serious Harm against the Environment, The Hague, T.M.C. Asser Press, 2026 (278 pp.)
Laura Burgers is an Assistant Professor at the Amsterdam Centre for Transformative Private Law of the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands.
Merle Kooijman is a Ph.D. Researcher and Lecturer at the Amsterdam Center for Criminal Justice of the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands.
Stavros Evdokimos Pantazopoulos is a Teaching Fellow at the School of Law of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens in Greece.
Christophe Paulussen is a Senior Researcher in the Research Department of the T.M.C. Asser Institute in The Hague in the Netherlands.
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